What Would Be the Best Anatomical Feature to Look for to Distinguish a Gastropod From a Chiton?

ane

1) Ane should expect to find cilia associated with the feeding appliance of _____.
A) annelids
B) coral animals
C) tapeworms
D) sponges

ii

2) Sponges _____.
A) accept larvae which are motile and move via the motion of cilia
B) are the simplest diploblastic animals
C) have a nerve internet but non a central nervous arrangement
D) have feeding cells called dinoflagellates

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3) Which of the following is nigh likely to be aquatic?
A) suspension feeder
B) mass feeder
C) deposit feeder
D) fluid feeder

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four) Comb jellies may not be the most familiar creature to you, merely they are disquisitional in the food chain because they make upwards a significant portion of the planktonic biomass. Their feeding strategy is predatory and involves adhesives or mucus on their tentacles or other body parts. What feeding tactic do these animals utilise?
A) suspension feeder
B) fluid feeder
C) deposit feeder
D) food-mass feeder

5

v) Which of the following can be found in the mesohyl of a sponge?
1. amoebocytes
2. spicules
3. spongin
4. zygotes
5. choanocytes
A) 1 and 2
B) two, 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 3, and 4
D) 1, 2, 3, iv, and v

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vi) Which of the post-obit factors, when used to label the horizontal axis of the graph above, would account most directly for the shape of the plot?
A) rate of cribrostatin synthesis (molecules/unit fourth dimension)
B) number of pores per sponge
C) number of spicules per sponge
D) number of choanocytes per sponge

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7) Virtually cnidarians are known to produce toxins. In fact, it has been claimed that one item species produces the most mortiferous of all toxins on the planet. What feature of this group most likely evolved simultaneously with the evolution of these toxins?
A) the medusa body course
B) asexual reproduction
C) a tiresome-moving or sessile lifestyle in the adult
D) diploblastic blueprint

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viii) Healthy corals are brightly colored because they _____.
A) secrete colorful pigments to concenter mates
B) host symbionts with colorful photosynthetic pigments
C) build their skeletons from colorful minerals
D) secrete colorful pigments to protect themselves from ultraviolet light

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9) In terms of food capture, which sponge jail cell is virtually similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian?
A) amoebocyte
B) choanocyte
C) epidermal jail cell
D) pore cell

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10) The crown-of-thorns ocean star, Acanthaster planci, preys on the mankind of live coral. If coral animals are attacked by these sea stars, then what actually provides diet to the sea star, and which chemic (besides the toxin within their nematocysts) do the corals rely on for protection?
A) medusae; silica
B) exoskeleton; calcium carbonate
C) polyps; calcium carbonate
D) polyps; silica

eleven

An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria tin can exist quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the teacher conditioned the h2o. Next, the instructor decided to stock the tank with diverse marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of unlike types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she added some vertebrates—a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish.

11) Ane day, Tommy, a pupil in an undersupervised class of forty fifth graders, got the urge to pet Nemo (the clownfish), who was pond amongst the waving petals of a pretty underwater "flower" that had a big hole in the midst of the petals. Tommy giggled upon finding that these petals felt sticky. A few hours later, Tommy was in the nurse's office with nausea and cramps. Microscopic exam of his fingers would probably take revealed the presence of _____.
A) teeth marks
B) spines
C) spicules
D) nematocysts

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12) The teacher and class were especially saddened when the colonial hydrozoan died. They had watched it carefully, and the unfortunate creature never even got to produce offspring by budding. Yet, everyone was elated when one of the students noticed a small colonial hydrozoan growing in a part of the tank far from the location of the original colony. The teacher was apparently unaware that these hydrozoans showroom _____.
A) spontaneous generation
B) abiogenesis
C) alternation of generations
D) a medusa stage

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13) The abrupt, inch-long thorns of the crown-of-thorns sea star are its spines. These spines, unlike those of most other sea stars, contain a stiff toxin. If it were discovered that crown-of-thorns body of water stars do not make this toxin themselves, so the most likely alternative would be that this toxin is _____.
A) derived from the nematocysts of its casualty
B) absorbed from the surrounding seawater
C) an endotoxin of cellulose-digesting bacteria that inhabit the sea star'southward digestive glands
D) injected into individual thorns past mutualistic corals which live on the aboral surfaces of these sea stars

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14) The clownfish readily swims among the tentacles of the ocean anemones; the parrotfish avoids them. One hypothesis for the clownfish'southward apparent amnesty is that they slowly build a tolerance to the sea anemone's toxin. A 2d hypothesis is that a chemic in the mucus that coats the clownfish prevents the nematocysts from being triggered. Which of the following graphs supports the second, but not the commencement, of these hypotheses?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

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15) The presence of a lophophore in a newly discovered species would advise that the species _____.
A) has an exoskeleton
B) grows by shedding its external covering
C) is motile
D) is a suspension feeder

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16) Y'all find what you believe is a new species of animate being. Which of the following characteristics would enable you to argue that information technology is more than closely related to a flatworm than it is to a roundworm?
A) It is a break feeder.
B) It has no coelom.
C) It is shaped like a worm.
D) It has a mouth and an anus.

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17) What would exist the best anatomical feature to look for to distinguish a gastropod from a chiton?
A) presence of a muscular foot
B) presence of a rasp-similar feeding structure
C) product of eggs
D) number of shell plates

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eighteen) Which of the following organisms would you await to accept the largest surface-surface area-to-book ratio? Presume that all of the following are the same total length.
A) a mollusk
B) an annelid
C) an arthropod
D) a platyhelminth

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nineteen) Against which difficult construction do the circular and longitudinal muscles of annelids piece of work?
A) cuticle
B) shell
C) endoskeleton
D) hydrostatic skeleton

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xx) While sampling marine plankton in a lab, a pupil encounters large numbers of fertilized eggs. The pupil rears some of the eggs in the laboratory for further study and finds that the blastopore becomes the mouth. The embryo develops into a trochophore larva and eventually has a truthful coelom. These eggs probably belonged to a(northward) _____.
A) echinoderm
B) mollusc
C) nematode
D) arthropod

21

The nontaxonomic term sea slug encompasses a wide diversity of marine gastropods. One characteristic they share as adults is the lack of a shell. We might call back, therefore, that they represent defenseless morsels for predators. In fact, sea slugs have multiple defenses. Some sea slugs prey on sponges and concentrate sponge toxins in their tissues. Others feed on cnidarians, digesting everything except the nematocysts, which they then transfer to their own skins. Whereas the well-nigh brightly colored body of water slugs are often highly toxic, others are nontoxic and mimic the coloration of the toxic species. Their colors are mostly derived from pigments in their prey. At that place are also ocean slugs that employ their coloration to blend into their environments.

21) Which structure do sea slugs use to feed on their prey?
A) nematocysts
B) an incurrent siphon
C) a radula
D) a mantle cavity

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22) The nematocysts most likely reach the skin of sea slugs through branches of the _____.
A) intestine
B) excurrent siphon
C) nephridium
D) pseudocoelom

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23) The nematocysts of ocean slugs should be most effective at protecting private bounding main slugs from predation if the predators _____.
A) remove small bites of mankind from sea slugs and take long-term memory
B) remove modest bites of flesh from sea slugs and have no long-term retentiveness
C) consume entire sea slugs in one gulp and have no long-term memory
D) consume entire sea slugs in i gulp and have long-term retentivity

24

The sea slug Pteraeolidia ianthina (P. ianthina) can harbor living dinoflagellates (photosynthetic protists) in its skin. These endosymbiotic dinoflagellates reproduce rapidly enough to maintain their populations. Depression populations exercise not bear upon the sea slugs very much, merely high populations (> 5 x 105 cells/mg of sea slug protein) tin can promote sea slug survival.

24) If the dinoflagellate-containing sea slug P. ianthina preys on coral animals, and so it would exist LEAST surprising to find that _____.
A) P. ianthina has no tolerance to the toxin in the nematocysts of its prey
B) P. ianthina can locate its coral prey by chemicals released into the water past corals
C) the coral prey harbor dinoflagellates in their tissues
D) the coral prey transform themselves into medusas to flee from approaching P. ianthina

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25) The body of water slug Elysia chorotica has no nematocysts or dinoflagellates simply, rather, has "naked" chloroplasts in its peel. The chloroplasts are all that remain of the seaweed (Vaucheria sp.) that Elysia feeds upon. The chloroplasts are transferred to the skin; consequently, this slug is green. It spends most of its time basking in shallow water on the surface of seaweeds. How should we expect its chloroplasts to do good the Elysia bounding main slug?
1. provide Elysia with fixed carbon dioxide
ii. provide Elysia with fixed nitrogen
3. provide Elysia with protective coloration
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 but
D) one and 3

26

Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, tin can have various protuberances (that is, extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which comport many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas exchange. Cerata commonly comprehend much of the dorsal surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.

26) Nudibranchs usually have two rhinophores. Nonetheless, if they had a single rhinophore, information technology could still carry out the office of two rhinophores, and with similar effectiveness, if this single rhinophore _____.
A) had two branches, one directed to the left, the other to the correct
B) was located inside the mantle cavity
C) was as long every bit two rhinophores placed cease to end
D) had cilia whose power strokes directed water away from the surface of the slug

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27) A natural predator of the crown-of-thorns sea star is a mollusc chosen the Giant Triton, Charonia tritonis. If the triton uses a radula to saw into the sea star, then to which clade should the triton vest?
A) chitons
B) bivalves
C) gastropods
D) cephalopods

28

An elementary school science instructor decided to liven upward the classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several bounding main anemones of different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she added some vertebrates—a parrotfish and a clownfish. She bundled for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish.

28) If the teacher wanted to show the students what a lophophore is and how information technology works, the teacher would point out a feeding _____.
A) hydra
B) sponge
C) gastropod
D) ectoproct

29

An elementary school scientific discipline teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the instructor conditioned the water. Adjacent, the teacher decided to stock the tank with diverse marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several bounding main anemones of different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a bounding main star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she added some vertebrates—a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish.

29) The teacher was unaware of the difference between suspension feeding and predation. The teacher thought that providing alive copepods (2 mm long) and feeder fish (2 cm long) would satisfy the dietary needs of all of the organisms. Consequently, which two organisms would have been amidst the commencement to starve to death (assuming they lack photosynthetic endosymbionts)?
A) sponges and corals
B) sea stars and sponges
C) shrimp and bivalves
D) bivalves and sponges

30

30) What would exist the about effective method of reducing the incidence of claret flukes in a human population?
A) reduce the mosquito population
B) reduce the population of the intermediate snail host
C) avoid contact with rodent droppings
D) carefully launder all raw fruits and vegetables

31

The sea slug Pteraeolidia ianthina (P. ianthina) can harbor living dinoflagellates (photosynthetic protists) in its skin. These endosymbiotic dinoflagellates reproduce quickly enough to maintain their populations. Low populations do non affect the sea slugs very much, but high populations (> v x 105 cells/mg of sea slug poly peptide) can promote sea slug survival.

31) Co-ordinate to the graph, during which season(due south) of the yr is the relationship between the sea slug and its dinoflagellates closest to beingness commensal?
A) wintertime
B) jump
C) summer
D) spring and summer

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32) Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems considering _____.
A) none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment
B) they lack mesoderm as embryos and, therefore, lack the adult tissues derived from mesoderm
C) their flame bulbs can carry out respiratory and circulatory functions
D) their body cavity, a pseudocoelom, carries out these functions

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33) Which i of these mollusk groups can be classified as suspension feeders?
A) bivalves
B) gastropods
C) chitons
D) cephalopods

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34) Which characteristic is shared past cnidarians and flatworms?
A) dorsoventrally flattened bodies
B) radial symmetry
C) a digestive system with a single opening
D) a distinct caput

35

35) If a lung were to be plant in a mollusc, where would it be located?
A) drape cavity
B) incurrent siphon
C) visceral mass
D) excurrent siphon

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36) Parasitism is i of the most widespread life strategies ever to evolve. Which of the following is consistent with this finding?
A) Parasites almost e'er predigest their hosts' tissues and, therefore, spend less energy and require fewer structural adaptations.
B) Parasites, different predators, feed on near all the tissues of their host.
C) Parasites do non generally kill their hosts; thus they can feed on the same host throughout the host'due south normal life bridge and do not have competition from decomposers.
D) Parasites by and large kill their host and can feed for a very long time considering they are much smaller than their host.

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37) Nematodes and arthropods both _____.
A) develop an anus from the blastopore (pore) formed in the gastrula stage
B) are break feeders
C) grow by shedding their exoskeleton
D) accept ciliated larvae

38

38) Arthropod exoskeletons and mollusk shells both _____.
A) completely supervene upon the hydrostatic skeleton
B) are secreted by the mantle
C) assist retain moisture in terrestrial habitats
D) are comprised of the polysaccharide chitin

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39) You lot find a multi-legged animal in your garden and want to determine if it is a centipede or a millipede. Y'all take the animal to a university where a myriapodologist quickly tells you that y'all take found a centipede. Which of the post-obit may have allowed her to brand this stardom?
A) division
B) poisonous fangs
C) egg-laying
D) molting

40

40) Whiteflies are common pest insects found on cotton, tomato, poinsettia, and many other plants. Nymphs are translucent and more often than not sessile, feeding on their host plants' phloem (sap) from the undersides of leaves. They undergo incomplete metamorphosis into winged adults. Because whitefly nymphs cannot escape predation past moving, you hypothesize that their translucent bodies make them hard to spot by predators. How could yous directly test this hypothesis?
A) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs on establish leaves of different colors (for case, cherry vs. green poinsettia leaves).
B) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs coated with a nontoxic dye vs. undyed whitefly nymphs.
C) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs vs. whitefly adults.
D) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs past predators that are translucent vs. predators that are non translucent.

41

41) All arthropods _____.
1) undergo complete metamorphose
ii) have jointed appendages
3) molt
4) have segmented bodies
5) have an exoskeleton or cuticle
A) one, 2, and 4
B) three and five
C) 2, three, 4, 5
D) 1, iv, five

42

Many terrestrial arthropods exchange gases with their environments by using tracheae, tubes that lead from openings (called spiracles) in the beast'due south exoskeleton or cuticle directly to the animate being'south tissues. Some arthropods can control whether their spiracles are opened or airtight; opening the spiracles allows the carbon dioxide produced in the tissues to travel down the tracheae and be released outside the beast. Klok et al. measured the carbon dioxide emitted over time (represented by
) past several species of centipedes. The figure below presents graphs of their results for two species, Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. (C. J. Klok, R. D. Mercer, and S. L. Chown. 2002. Discontinuous gas-exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:1019-29.) Copyright 2002 The Company of Biologists and the Journal of Experimental Biology.

42) Expect at the graph for Cormocephalus morsitans in the figure to a higher place. What is the best estimation of these results?
A) The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time.
B) The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time.
C) The centipede had its spiracles open when carbon dioxide (CO2) emission peaked and closed when CO2 emission was low.
D) The centipede had its spiracles airtight when carbon dioxide (CO2) emission peaked and open when CO2 emission was low.

43

43) Look at the graph for Scutigerina weberi (note the scale of the y-centrality) in the figure above. What is the best interpretation of these results?
A) The centipede had its spiracles open up the entire time.
B) The centipede had its spiracles closed the unabridged time.
C) The centipede had its spiracles open when carbon dioxide (CO2) emission peaked and airtight when CO2 emission was depression.
D) The centipede had its spiracles closed when carbon dioxide (CO2) emission peaked and open up when CO2 emission was low.

44

44) How would a terrestrial centipede most likely do good from the ability to close its spiracles? Closing spiracles would _____.
A) allow the centipede to movement more quickly
B) let the centipede to retain more than moisture in its tissues
C) permit the centipede to stay warmer
D) permit more than oxygen from the surround to achieve the centipede's tissues

45

45) Compare the graphs in the figure higher up of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission for Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. What hypothesis can yous brand about each centipede's habitat?
A) C. morsitans lives in a habitat that provides more than carbon dioxide than does S. weberi.
B) C. morsitans lives in a habitat with more predators than does S. weberi.
C) C. morsitans lives in a colder habitat than does S. weberi.
D) C. morsitans lives in a drier habitat than does Southward. weberi.

46

46) What would be the most directly outcome of removing or damaging an insect's antennae? The insect would have problem _____.
A) hearing
B) mating
C) seeing
D) smelling

47

47) The heartworms that tin accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong?
A) Platyhelminthes
B) Arthropoda
C) Nematoda
D) Annelida

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48) A terrestrial animate being species is discovered with the post-obit larval characteristics: exoskeleton, system of tubes for gas substitution, and modified segmentation. A knowledgeable zoologist should predict that the adults of this species would likewise feature _____.
A) 8 legs
B) 2 pairs of antennae
C) a sessile lifestyle
D) an open circulatory system

49

49) In a tide pool, a pupil encounters an organism with a hard outer covering that contains much calcium carbonate, an open circulatory arrangement, and gills. The organism could potentially be a crab, a shrimp, a barnacle, or a bivalve. The presence of which of the following structures would allow for the most sure identification of the organism?
A) a mantle
B) a middle
C) a body crenel
D) a filter-feeding apparatus

50

Nudibranchs, a blazon of predatory sea slug, can have diverse protuberances (that is, extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located shut to the head, which deport many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, normally located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas exchange. Cerata normally cover much of the dorsal surface and incorporate nematocysts at their tips.

50) The claws (fangs) on the foremost trunk segment of centipedes have a function most similar to that of _____.
A) rhinophores
B) dorsal plummules
C) cerata
D) chemoreceptors

51

51) The stingers of honeybees accept a office virtually similar to that of _____.
A) rhinophores
B) dorsal plummules
C) cerata
D) chemoreceptors

52

52) The spiracles and tracheae of insects have a function nearly similar to that of _____.
A) rhinophores
B) dorsal plummules
C) cerata.
D) chemoreceptors

53

53) The antennae of insects have a function virtually like to that of _____.
A) rhinophores
B) dorsal plummules
C) cerata
D) chemoreceptors

54

A farm pond, usually dry during wintertime, has plenty of water and aquatic swimming life during the summer. 1 summer, Sarah returns to the family farm from college. Observing the pond, she is fascinated past some half-dozen-legged organisms that can clamber near on submerged surfaces or, when disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water. Watching further, she is able to conclude that the "mystery organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes everything from insects to small fish and tadpoles.

54) If the pond organisms are larvae, rather than adults, Sarah should await them to have all of the following structures, EXCEPT _____.
A) antennae
B) an open circulatory system
C) an exoskeleton of chitin
D) sex organs

55

55) Sarah observed that the mystery pond organisms never come up to the pond's surface. If she catches one of these organisms and observes closely, perchance dissecting the organism, she should observe _____.
A) gills
B) spiracles
C) tracheae
D) book lungs

56

56) As you are walking along a embankment, you find an beast and believe that it belongs to the form Asteroidea. Which of the post-obit characteristics would back up your hypothesis that the animal is a sea star and not another type of echinoderm?
A) It is pentaradially symmetric.
B) It feeds on other animals.
C) Information technology has a hydrostatic skeleton, formed from its water vascular system.
D) Its central region is not well-delineated from its appendages.

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57) The water vascular system of echinoderms _____.
A) functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells
B) functions in locomotion and feeding
C) is bilateral in arrangement, even though the adult creature is not bilaterally symmetrical
D) is coordinating to the gastrovascular crenel of flatworms

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58) Which of the following combinations correctly matches a phylum to its description?
A) Echinodermata — bilateral symmetry as a larva, water vascular system
B) Nematoda — segmented worms, closed circulatory system
C) Cnidaria — flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate
D) Platyhelminthes — radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms

59

59) Which of the following brute groups is entirely aquatic?
A) Mollusca
B) Crustacea
C) Echinodermata
D) Nematoda

threescore

An elementary schoolhouse science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the teacher conditioned the water. Side by side, the teacher decided to stock the tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several bounding main anemones of dissimilar types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a ocean star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she added some vertebrates—a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish.

sixty) The bivalves started to die ane by one; only the undamaged shells remained. To go on the remaining bivalves alive, the teacher would most likely need to remove the _____.
A) sea anemones
B) sea star
C) gastropods
D) ectoprocts

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